The Jewish Bet Din Court Explained

By Barbara Wright


Some religions have a religious court. In Judaism, this court is called the Bet Din. In Islam, it is the Shariah Court, which is governed by a set of Islamic laws. The Jewish Bet Din is governed by Judaism laws. This is a set of laws that apply to the Jews. A religious Jew is a person who follows Judaism to the letter. In some places even secular Jews have to be governed by the laws of Judaism. Law and religion go hand in hand. In some cases, religion has even inspired the formation of national and local laws.

The Bet Din just like any other court has a structure. There are senior officials of the court and there are the junior officials. A person can start on the lower levels and slowly climb up the ranks. To become an official of the court, one needs to be a person who has a very high level of integrity.

The chief of court is the most senior official. He has a final say on all the matters of the court. This has to be a highly respected rabbi or posek. This is someone who understands the ins and outs of Torah, which is the holiest book in Judaism. A rabbinic judge will be concerned with cross-examining witnesses.

The Bet Din can be traced back to ancient Biblical times. The Bible starts with the book of Genesis. This documents the creation of planet earth. The next book is Exodus. It is in this book that one will start seeing references of this kind of court. The Exodus from Egypt to Israel was an important period in the history of the Jews.

In ancient times, this court was all powerful. It had a say on every judicial matter. That was the period just after Israelis settled in the Promised Land. The court was established so that justice could prevail in society and everybody could live in peace and harmony. Actually, religious courts and the other courts must strive to exercise justice.

The status of this court kept changing through history depending on the events taking place in the Holy Land. When the Jews were free, the court was all powerful all over the land. When they were under another empire, the powers of the court were either fully restricted or partially restricted. The Roman Empire granted the court a good deal of powers.

The Israeli religious court of the present day is largely active in Israel. It is also active in other countries of the world where there is a significant population of Jews such as the United States of America and Brazil. This court needs to exist in accordance with the other courts of the land such as the high court.

The Bet Din does not exist independently. It complements others courts such as the Supreme Court and the High Court. It serves as an alternative avenue for settling civil disputes in Israel as well as in other countries that have a high population of Israelis. A civil matter such as a divorce case does not have to go to court.




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